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Problem of Hell
The problem of Hell is an ethical problem in religion in which the existence of Hell for the punishment of souls is regarded as inconsistent with notion of a just, moral, and omnibenevolent God. It derives from four key propositions: Hell exists; it is for the punishment of people whose lives on Earth are judged to have repudiated God; some people go there; and there is no escape.
The minority Christian doctrine that sinners perish and are destroyed rather than punished eternally is referred to as Christian mortalism; annihilation for those not awarded immortal life, conditional immortality for those who are. This Christian view is found in very early Christianity, resurfaced in the Reformation, and since 1800 has found increasing support among Protestant theologians.〔Richard Bauckham "(Universalism: a historical survey )" (@ theologicalstudies.org.uk), ''Themelios'' 4.2 (September 1978): 47–54. "Here and there, outside the theological mainstream, were some who believed that the wicked would be finally annihilated (in its commonest form. this is the doctrine of 'conditional immortality')." "Since 1800 this situation has entirely changed, and no traditional Christian doctrine has been so widely abandoned as that of eternal punishment.3 Its advocates among theologians today must be fewer than ever before. The alternative interpretation of hell as annihilation seems to have prevailed even among many of the more conservative theologians."〕
Viewpoints vary greatly depending on the religious tradition, with some Islamic and Christian thinking holding that the vast majority of humanity is destined for damnation with only a tiny few spared, while some Buddhist and Jewish traditions have held that humanity in general shall eventually receive peace and contentment in the afterlife.
==Issues==
There are several major issues to the problem of Hell. The first is whether the existence of Hell is compatible with justice. The second is whether it is compatible with God's mercy, especially as articulated in Christianity. A third issue, particular to Christianity, is whether Hell is actually populated, or if God will ultimately restore all immortal souls (universal reconciliation) in the World to Come. Lastly, if Hell ceases once the wicked are destroyed or consumed.〔http://www.creation-science-prophecy.com/hell.htm〕 Criticisms of the doctrines of Hell can focus on the intensity or eternity of its torments, and arguments surrounding all these issues can invoke appeals to the omnipotence, omniscience, and omnibenevolence of God. In some aspects, the problem of Hell is similar to the problem of evil, assuming the suffering of Hell is something God could have prevented. The discussion regarding the problem of evil may thus also be of interest for the problem of Hell.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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